Abayili ababini baguqula uvavanyo olungaphumelelanga lwaba yimveliso edumileyo eyaguqula ishishini lokuthumela ngenqanawa.
Ngelixa uHoward Fielding oselula wayephethe ngononophelo into kayise engaqhelekanga ezandleni zakhe, wayengazi ukuba inyathelo lakhe elilandelayo liza kumenza abe ngumseki wefashoni. Esandleni sakhe wayephethe iphepha leplastiki eligqunywe ngamaqamza agcwele umoya. Esebenzisa iminwe yakhe phezu kwefilimu ehlekisayo, wayengenakukwazi ukumelana nesilingo: waqala ukuqhumisa amaqamza – njengoko lonke ihlabathi belisenza ukususela ngoko.
Ngoko ke uFielding, owayeneminyaka emalunga nemi-5 ubudala ngelo xesha, waba ngumntu wokuqala ukunxiba iibhamuza ukuze nje azonwabise. Olu vumbululo lwaguqula ishishini lokuthutha impahla, lwazisa ixesha lorhwebo lwe-e-commerce, lwaza lwakhusela amawaka ezigidi zeempahla ezithunyelwa kwihlabathi liphela minyaka le.
“Ndiyakhumbula ndijonga ezi zinto kwaye ingqondo yam yayikukuzicinezela,” utshilo uFielding. “Ndithe ndingowokuqala ukuvula i-bubble wrap, kodwa ndiqinisekile ukuba oko akuyonyani. Abantu abadala ababekunye notata mhlawumbi benze oku ukuqinisekisa umgangatho. Kodwa mhlawumbi ndingumntwana wokuqala.”
Wongeza ehleka wathi, “Bekumnandi kakhulu ukuzikhupha. Ngelo xesha amaqamza ayemakhulu, ngoko ke ayesenza ingxolo enkulu.”
Uyise kaFielding, uAlfred, wasungula i-bubble wrap kunye neqabane lakhe leshishini, isazi semichiza saseSwitzerland uMarc Chavannes. Ngo-1957, bazama ukwenza iphepha lodonga elinobume obufanayo elaliza kutsala umdla kwi-"Beat Generation" entsha. Basebenzisa iziqwenga ezibini zekhethini yeshawa yeplastiki kwi-heat sealer kwaye ekuqaleni badana sisiphumo: ifilimu enamaqamza ngaphakathi.
Nangona kunjalo, abasunguli abazange bakuphike ngokupheleleyo ukusilela kwabo. Bafumene ilungelo lokuqala kwiimveliso kunye nezixhobo zokuhombisa kunye nokugquma, baza baqala ukucinga ngokusetyenziswa kwazo: ngaphezulu kwama-400. Enye yazo - ukuthintela i-greenhouse - yasuswa ebhodini lokuzoba, kodwa yaphela iphumelela njengephepha lodonga elinobume. Le mveliso yavavanywa kwi-greenhouse kwaye yafunyaniswa ingasebenzi.
Ukuze baqhubeke nokuphuhlisa imveliso yabo engaqhelekanga, uphawu lweBubble Wrap, iFielding kunye neChavannes baseka iSealed Air Corp. ngo-1960. Kwakungonyaka olandelayo kuphela apho bagqiba ekubeni bayisebenzise njengezinto zokupakisha kwaye baphumelela. I-IBM yayisandula ukwazisa i-1401 (ethathwa njengeModel T kwishishini leekhompyutha) kwaye yayifuna indlela yokukhusela izixhobo ezibuthathaka ngexesha lokuthunyelwa. Njengoko besitsho, okunye kuyimbali.
“Le yimpendulo ye-IBM kwingxaki,” utshilo uChad Stevens, usekela-mongameli wezobuchule kunye nobunjineli kwiqela leenkonzo zemveliso zeSealed Air. “Banokuzibuyisela iikhompyutha zikhuselekile kwaye ziphilile. Oku kuvule ithuba lokuba amashishini amaninzi aqalise ukusebenzisa i-bubble wrap.”
Iinkampani ezincinci zokupakisha zakhawuleza zamkela ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Kubo, ukusonga amaqamza yinto entle. Ngaphambili, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela izinto ngexesha lokuhamba yayikukuzisonga ngephepha leendaba eliqhekekileyo. Kungcolile kuba i-inki evela kumaphephandaba amadala idla ngokukhuhla imveliso kunye nabantu abasebenza ngayo. Ngaphezu koko, ayiboneleli ngokhuseleko olungako.
Njengoko ukusonga amaqamza kwanda ngokuthandwa, iSealed Air yaqala ukuphuhliswa. Le mveliso yahluka ngokwemilo, ubukhulu, amandla kunye nobukhulu ukuze yandise uluhlu lwezicelo: amaqamza amakhulu namancinci, amaphepha abanzi namafutshane, imiqulu emikhulu nemifutshane. Okwangoku, abantu abaninzi ngakumbi bafumana uvuyo lokuvula ezo pokotho zizaliswe ngumoya (kwanoStevens uyavuma ukuba “sisithomalalisi soxinzelelo”).
Nangona kunjalo, inkampani ayikafumani nzuzo. UTJ Dermot Dunphy waba yi-CEO ngo-1971. Wanceda ekukhuliseni intengiso yonyaka yenkampani ukusuka kwi-$5 yezigidi kunyaka wakhe wokuqala ukuya kwi-$3 yezigidigidi ngexesha awashiya inkampani ngo-2000.
“UMarc Chavannes wayengumntu onembono entle kwaye uAl Fielding wayengunjineli okumgangatho ophezulu,” utshilo uDunphy, oneminyaka engama-86 ubudala, osasebenza yonke imihla kwinkampani yakhe yabucala yotyalo-mali nolawulo, iKildare Enterprises. “Kodwa akukho namnye kubo owayefuna ukuqhuba inkampani. Babefuna nje ukusebenza kwimveliso yabo.”
Njengosomashishini oqeqeshweyo, uDunphy uncede iSealed Air ukuba izinzise imisebenzi yayo kwaye yahlulahlula isiseko semveliso yayo. Wade wandisa uphawu kwishishini ledama lokudada. Izigqubuthelo zamachibi okugquma amaqamza ziye zathandwa kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Isiciko sineepokotho ezinkulu zomoya ezinceda ekubambeni imisebe yelanga nokugcina ubushushu, ngoko ke amanzi edama ahlala efudumele ngaphandle kokukhupha amaqamza omoya. Ekugqibeleni inkampani yawuthengisa lo mgca.
Umfazi kaHoward Fielding, uBarbara Hampton, ingcali yolwazi lwepatenti, wakhawuleza wachaza indlela iipatenti ezivumela ngayo uyisezala kunye neqabane lakhe ukuba benze oko bakwenzayo. Lilonke, bafumana iipatenti ezintandathu kwi-bubble wrap, uninzi lwazo lunxulumene nenkqubo yokuhombisa kunye nokugquma iplastiki, kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo. Enyanisweni, uMarc Chavannes wayefumene iipatenti ezimbini zeefilimu ze-thermoplastic ngaphambili, kodwa mhlawumbi wayengacingi ngee-bubbles eziphumayo ngelo xesha. “Iipatenti zibonelela ngethuba lokuba abantu abanobuchule bavuzwe ngeengcinga zabo,” utshilo uHampton.
Namhlanje, iSealed Air yinkampani yeFortune 500 ethengise i-$4.5 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2017, abasebenzi abayi-15,000 kunye nabathengi abakhonzayo kumazwe ayi-122. Ekuqaleni yayiseNew Jersey, le nkampani yafudusela ikomkhulu layo lehlabathi eNorth Carolina ngo-2016. Le nkampani yenza kwaye ithengisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso, kuquka iCryovac, iplastiki ebhityileyo esetyenziselwa ukupakisha ukutya kunye nezinye iimveliso. ISealed Air ikwabonelela ngokupakisha amaqamza angenamoya ukuze kuthunyelwe ngexabiso eliphantsi kubathengi.
“Luhlobo oluvuthelwayo,” utshilo uStevens. “Endaweni yeeroli ezinkulu zomoya, sithengisa iiroli zefilimu ezisongiweyo eziqinileyo ezinendlela eyongeza umoya njengoko kufuneka. Isebenza ngakumbi.”
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Ixesha leposi: Okthobha-05-2024